User Ratings and Hospital Choice

Hospitals
Quality disclosure

Ian McCarthy, Kaylyn Sanbower, and Leonardo Sanchez-Aragon. “User Ratings and Hospital Choice,” R&R at Health Economics

Somebody Told Me Whatever the barista recommends
Authors
Affiliations

Department of Economics, Emory University

Economic Analysis Group, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice

Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador

Published

April 2026

Abstract

Choosing a hospital for elective inpatient care is a complex decision due to pervasive information asymmetries and multidimensional quality attributes. Online reviews provide an accessible and salient source of hospital quality information that could influence patient choices. Using the universe of hospital Yelp reviews and inpatient claims data for elective procedures in Florida (2012–2017), we exploit exogenous variation in online ratings to estimate the causal effect of online reviews on hospital selection. Depending on the underlying condition being treated, we find that patients are willing to travel 5%–30% farther to receive care from a hospital with a higher Yelp rating relative to others in the market. The effect is stronger for orthopedic procedures than for labor and delivery, suggesting greater reliance on online information when provider relationships are weaker. Falsification tests on emergency admissions yield null results, confirming that online reviews influence elective rather than urgent decision-making. Our findings highlight the role of consumer-generated information in healthcare markets and suggest that online platforms can meaningfully shape provider competition.